Analysis of the characteristics of the smash in padel: validation of the OASP instrument / Análisis de las características del remate en pádel: validación del instrumento OASP

The purpose of this study was to design and validate an observation instrument for the analysis of the performance parameters related to the smash in padel. Eleven experts, who had to meet four of the five inclusion criteria, participated in the process. Aiken's V coefficient and confidence intervals were used to calculate content validity and Cronbach's α coefficient to analyze reliability. The adequacy and writing of the eighteen items initially designed were evaluated. Four variables were eliminated due to obtaining values ​​<.87 in Aiken's V coefficient for adequacy. The rest of the variables were modified in their wording, according to the qualitative evaluations of the experts, or were considered correct. The reliability of the instrument was acceptable, (α=.82). The OASP instrument is very new, as it is of interest for analyzing the use and effectiveness of the padel smash. (AU)

El propósito de este estudio fue diseñar y validar un instrumento de observación para el análisis de las características del remate relacionadas con el rendimiento en pádel. En el proceso participaron once expertos, los cuales debían cumplir cuatro de los cinco criterios de inclusión. El coeficiente V de Aikene intervalos de confianza se utilizaron para calcular la validez de contenido y el coeficiente 𝛼de Cronbach para analizar la fiabilidad. Se evaluó la adecuación y redacción de los dieciocho ítems diseñados inicialmente. Se eliminaron cuatro variables por obtener valores <.87 en el coeficiente V de Aikenen la adecuación. El resto de las variables fueron modificadas en su redacción, según las valoraciones cualitativas de los expertos, o se consideraron correctas. La fiabilidad del instrumento fue aceptable, (𝛼=.82). El instrumento OASP es muy novedoso, pues resulta de interés para analizar el uso y la eficacia del remate en pádel. (AU)

Relación entre la carga interna y externa en árbitros de baloncesto / Relationship between External and Internal Load in Basketball Referees

El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en analizar las relaciones existentes entre los parámetros de carga interna (objetiva y subjetiva) y externa. La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 15 partidos disputados en el Eurobasket femenino U-16, donde participaron un total de nueve árbitros (6 masculinos y 3 femeninos). Las variables analizadas de carga interna fueron la frecuencia cardiaca y la percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo. Las variables de carga externa se dividieron en cinemáticas y neuromusculares, medidas a través de dispositivos inerciales. Los resultados explican que existen relaciones entre los valores de carga interna objetiva y carga externa, así como entre las variables de carga externa. En cambio, no existen relaciones entre la carga interna subjetiva y las variables de carga interna y externa objetiva, exceptuando el PowerMetabolic. Estos resultados demuestran que la competición y el nivel de los árbitros influyen en gran medida en las variables subjetivas. (AU)

The aim of the present paper consists in analysing the relations between internal (objective and subjective) and external load parameters. The sample was composed of a total of 15 matches played in the women’s U16 Eurobasket championship, in which a total of nine referees (6 men and 3 women) participated. The internal load variables analysed were heart rate and the subjective rating of perceived exertion. The external load variables were divided into kinematic and neuromuscular variables, measured using inertial devices. The results show that there are associations between the values of objective internal load and external load, as well as between the variables of external load. In contrast, there is no relation between internal subjective load and the variables of objective internal and external load, except regarding Metabolic Power. These results indicate that the competition and the level of the referees greatly influence the subjective variables. (AU)

Carga externa según la situación de juego y metodología en baloncesto escolar / External Load in Basketball According To Game Situation and Methodology

El objetivo fue caracterizar y comparar la carga externa en sesiones de educación física según la situación de juego en dos metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje diferentes. Se emplearon dos programas de intervención diseñados y validados, Direct Instruction y Tactical Game Approach. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 40 tareas. Participaron 70 alumnos de entre 10 y 12 años de un centro de educación primaria de España. Las variables analizadas fueron la situación de juego y la carga externa. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes de la metodología Tactical Game Approach obtienen valores más altos de carga externa que los de la metodología Direct Instruction. Además, la carga externa disminuye cuando aumenta la complejidad de la situación de juego. La intensidad de las tareas del método Tactical Game Approach permite alcanzar los objetivos de actividad física recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud y que garantizan la salud de los estudiantes

The aim was to characterize and compare the external training load according to the game situation in physical education in two different teaching-learning methodologies. Two unit was design and validated with a Direct Instruction methodology, and the other with a Tactical Game Approach methodology. The study sample consisted of 40 tasks. The study involved 70 students between 10 and 12 years of age in a primary school in Spain. The analyzed variables were the game situation and the external load. The results show that students of the Tactical Game Approach methodology obtain higher values of external training load than students of the Direct Instruction methodology. In addition, the external training load decreases when the complexity of the game situation increases. The intensity of the tasks of the Tactical Game Approach method allows reaching the physical activity objectives recommended by the World Health Organization and guarantee the health of the students

Effect of exergames on musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The main objective was to systematically review the scientific literature about the effects of exergame-based interventions on musculoskeletal pain, as well as to provide directions for the clinical practice. A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases following PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) the subjects were suffering musculoskeletal pain, (b) the study was randomized controlled trial (RCT), (c) intervention was based on exergames, (d) the article was written in English, and (e) the article was not an abstract or summary presented in a congress or conference. Risk of bias and quality of evidence were evaluated using the PEDro Scale and GRADE approach, respectively. A meta-analysis was carried out to determine effect sizes. Seven studies were selected in the systematic review. The meta-analysis included those six articles which reported means and SD before and after treatment and used a visual analog scale or a Numeric Pain Rating Scale. Four of the seven articles reported significant reduction in pain while the rest did not found any significant change in pain after the intervention. The overall effect size for pain was -0.51 (95% CI from -1.25 to 0.23) with large heterogeneity. Although four of the seven articles reported significant within-group differences, zero was included in the CI of the overall effect size. Therefore, up-to-date there is not enough evidence to conclude that exergames improve musculoskeletal pain.

Waist circumference and waist:height ratio percentiles using LMS method in Chilean population.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The concern over the weight gain problem continues to grow among both the international scientific community and public health authorities, since overweight and obesity prevalence rates continue to increase worldwide. In Chile, two out of three people are overweight, whereas 25% of the adult population is obese. Abdominal fat, has been linked to the development of a number of metabolic disorders. Waist circumference (WC) and the waist:height ratio (WHtR) have recently been evidenced as good predictors of metabolic risk for both adults and children. Thus, the present work aims at establishing smoothed centile charts and LMS tables for WC and WHtR for Chilean adults based on data from the National Health Survey-ENS, in order to have reliable information for identifying groups at risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: A sample of 4788 subjects aged 15-75 years old (mean age 46 ± 18 years old) was considered. Body weight, height, and WC were measured and Body Mass Index (BMI) and WHtR were also determined. Percentiles were calculated using the L (curve Box-Cox), M (curve median), S (curve coefficient of variation) method. In the obese group the WC cutoff values were 99.75 cm and 92.35 cm for men and women, respectively. The cutoff point for WHtR was 0.59 for both obese men and women. CONCLUSION: The study shows, for the first time, reference values for WC and WHtR for Chilean adults.

Prognostic value of penile colour doppler ultrasonography for recovering erectile function after radical prostatectomy. / Valor pronóstico de la ecografía doppler color peneana en la recuperación de la función eréctil tras prostatectomía radical.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the predictive utility of penile colour Doppler ultrasonography after the injection of vasoactive agents for recovering erectile function after radical prostatectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on patients with erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy who were treated with intracavernous injections of prostaglandins E1 between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2012. The study included patients with no history of erectile dysfunction prior to the surgery and who did not respond to medical treatment. Colour Doppler was performed on all patients after the intracavernous injection. A peak systolic velocity ≥30cm/sec and an end diastolic velocity ≤5cm/sec were considered normal haemodynamic values. We assessed the result of the treatment during the follow-up using the International Index of Erectile Function-5. RESULTS: We included 197 patients. The mean age was 60.8 (±6.3). The pathological diagnosis for all patients was adenocarcinoma, 74.1% of which were confined to the organ (T1-T2/Nx-N0). Treatment with injections after the surgery was started after a mean duration of 6.8 months (+3.5). The Doppler ultrasonography results were normal for 53 patients (26.9%). During the follow-up, 113 patients (57.4%) maintained functional erections; 55 of these patients (28%) did not require injections. Normal Doppler ultrasonography results were associated with a favourable response to treatment (p<.01). CONCLUSIONS: The prostaglandin E1 test will help provide a diagnosis in erectile dysfunction for patients who have undergone prostatectomies. The test helps provide information on the vascular condition of the penis and useful prognostic information for the follow-up of these patients.

Graft Survival in Patients With Polycystic Kidney Disease With Nephrectomy of Native Kidney Pretransplant.

INTRODUCTION: Autosomal-dominant polycystic disease (ADPKD) represents 5%-10% of cases of end-stage renal failure. However, management of these patients in terms of whether or not to perform a transplant and optimal timing remains controversial. The objective of our analysis was to evaluate graft survival in patients with ADPKD in which we conduct pretransplant nephrectomy. METHODS: This retrospective study including renal transplant patients secondary to ADPKD in our hospital between January 2000 and December 2012. Pretransplant native kidney nephrectomy was indicated in cases of need for space or repeated complications (cysts). We compared the initial function and graft survival between groups of transplanted based on whether nephrectomy had been performed or not. RESULTS: Eighty-seven patients underwent a kidney transplant owing to ADPKD; 62% (n = 54) were male, with an average age of 55.22 years. Twenty-seven patients (30%) underwent nephrectomy native kidneys before transplantation. There were no serious postoperative complications. Patients who underwent nephrectomy (group 1) showed values of creatinine of 1.57 and 1.50 mg/dL at 3 and 6 months, respectively. In the no nephrectomy group, these values were 2.03 and 1.83 mg/dL, respectively. Graft survival after the first year was of 98% for group 1 and 95% for group 2. The 5-year implant survival was 95% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Native kidney nephrectomy before transplantation in ADPKD is safe in an experienced center, both in terms of surgery-related morbidity and mortality and graft survival and function.

Correlation between dual kidney biopsy in expanded-criteria donors and transplant survival.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the relation between same-donor renal biopsies and analyze whether the score influences graft survival. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed histologic results of expanded-criteria donors and the graft survival in patients followed at Reina Sofia Hospital (Cordoba, Spain) from January 2004 to October 2012. We analyzed clinical and demographic variables from the donors, as well the association between the scores of same-donor biopsies who had different scores for each kidney and the graft survival with a t test for paired data. A Kaplan-Meier with log-rank test was performed between the higher-score and the lower-score groups. We excluded retransplantation and those who received a combined transplantation (liver or pancreas). RESULTS: We analyzed 168 kidneys that had been biopsied, from 84 donors. Of the whole sample, 35.7% (n = 30) had the same score for each kidney, whereas 64.3% (n = 54) had discrepancies. In this second group, 81.8% (n = 44) had a difference of 1 point, and the remaining 18.2% (n = 10) had a larger difference. Both kidneys were suitable for transplantation in 72.7% of cases (n = 40), only 1 in 14.5% (n = 8), and none in 12.7% (n = 7). For analyzing the survival of the paired kidneys there were 48 kidneys from 24 donors with a different score for each kidney. We observed a difference in favor of the better scores, with a difference of 11 months up to the time of the analysis (P = .045). We found no significant differences in the log-rank test between the survival rate for the group with a less favorable score (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.26-95.67) versus those with a more favorable score (95% CI, 66.76-93.03). CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage of biopsies had a different score for the 2 kidneys from the same donor. This difference was important for graft survival. We therefore recommend doing a biopsy of both kidneys.

Estudio de eventos adversos en sanidad privada. Proyecto Confianza de seguridad del paciente / Study of adverse events in private healthcare. Confidence project for patient safety

Objetivos. Investigar e identificar áreas y problemas prioritarios de la seguridad del paciente y analizar las características de los pacientes y de la asistencia que se asocian a la aparición de eventos adversos (EA). Método. Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo en el que para identificar los EA se revisó la historia clínica (HC) de los pacientes hospitalizados en ocho centros comprometidos con el proyecto. Se recogió información de todos los pacientes atendidos entre el 15 y el 30 de noviembre de 2009. Resultados. De los 927 pacientes, en 40 pacientes se detectó alguna lesión, y en 23 de ellos la asistencia sanitaria estaba relacionada. Así, el porcentaje de pacientes con algún EA relacionado con la asistencia sanitaria fue del 2,48% (intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1,43%-3,54%). La edad, la comorbilidad y los dispositivos invasivos explican la aparición de EA. Se consideró leves al 33,3% (8 EA), moderados al 33,3% (8) y graves al 33,3% (8). Se consideró evitable al 50% de los EA. Conclusiones. La frecuencia hallada de EA es menor, posiblemente debido al diseño del estudio y la idiosincrasia de los pacientes atendidos: edad, comorbilidad y uso de dispositivos invasivos. Los EA encontrados presentan impacto y evitabilidad parecidos a los detectados en el sector público(AU)

Objectives. To investigate and identify priority areas and issues of patient safety and analyse which patient and health care characteristics are related to Adverse Events (AE). Methods. Retrospective cohort study to identify AE reviewing medical records of in-patients. Information was obtained from all patients attended between 15 and 30 November 2009 in eight facilities committed to the project. Results. Of the 927 patients, 40 patients had any injury, of which 23 were related to healthcare. Thus, the percentage of patients with any AE associated with health care was 2.48% (95%CI, 1.43%-3.54%). Age, comorbidity and use of invasive devices explained the occurrence of an AE. Of these, 33.3% (8 AE) were considered slight, 33.3% (8) moderate and 33.3% (8) severe. Half (50%) of AE were considered preventable. Conclusions. The frequency of AE found was low, possibly due to study design and the idiosyncrasy of the patients: age, comorbidity and use of invasive devices. The AE found have a similar impact and preventability as those identified in public sector(AU)

[Study of adverse events in private healthcare. Confidence project for patient safety]. / Estudio de eventos adversos en sanidad privada. Proyecto Confianza de seguridad del paciente.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate and identify priority areas and issues of patient safety and analyse which patient and health care characteristics are related to Adverse Events (AE). METHODS: Retrospective cohort study to identify AE reviewing medical records of in-patients. Information was obtained from all patients attended between 15 and 30 November 2009 in eight facilities committed to the project. RESULTS: Of the 927 patients, 40 patients had any injury, of which 23 were related to healthcare. Thus, the percentage of patients with any AE associated with health care was 2.48% (95%CI, 1.43%-3.54%). Age, comorbidity and use of invasive devices explained the occurrence of an AE. Of these, 33.3% (8 AE) were considered slight, 33.3% (8) moderate and 33.3% (8) severe. Half (50%) of AE were considered preventable. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of AE found was low, possibly due to study design and the idiosyncrasy of the patients: age, comorbidity and use of invasive devices. The AE found have a similar impact and preventability as those identified in public sector.

Factores pronósticos clinicopatológicos en el adenocarcinoma gástrico resecado con intención curativa / Clinicopathological prognostic factors in curatively resected gastric adenocarcinona

Introducción. Evaluamos la influencia de diferentes variables clínicas, patológicas y terapéuticas sobre la supervivencia tras gastrectomía con intención curativa en pacientes con adenocarcinoma gástrico. Pacientes y métodos. Entre 1985 y 1992, 202 pacientes fueron gastrectomizados por adenocarcinoma gástrico, 108 (53,4 por ciento) con intención curativa. Los datos clinicoterapéuticos fueron obtenidos retrospectivamente de las historias clínicas, y los patológicos de la revisión de sus preparaciones. El análisis estadístico utilizado fue el test de rangos logarítmicos (análisis univariante) y el modelo de regresión de Cox (análisis multivariante), siendo la variable dependiente el tiempo de supervivencia. Resultados. La tasa de supervivencia a los 5 años fue del 55 por ciento. Los datos de mal pronóstico en el análisis univariante fueron: afectación difusa del estómago o localización proximal, práctica de esplenectomía, transfusión perioperatoria, presencia de microinvasión capilar, grado de T y estadio tumoral avanzado, edad mayor de 65 años, afectación ganglionar y desarrollo de complicaciones postoperatorias. En el análisis multivariante, estas tres últimas variables emergen como factores pronósticos desfavorables independientes para la supervivencia. Conclusiones. Edad avanzada, afectación ganglionar y morbilidad postoperatoria son factores que influyen desfavorablemente en la supervivencia de pacientes con adenocarcinoma gástrico resecado con intención curativa (AU)